Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples

Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. Double displacement reactions typically result in the formation of a product that is a precipitate. Double displacement reactions take the form:AB CD → AD CB The reaction occurs most often between ionic compounds, although technically the bonds formed between the chemical species may be either ionic or covalent in nature. Acids or bases also participate in double displacement reactions. The bonds formed in the product compounds are the same type of bonds as seen in the reactant molecules. Usually, the solvent for this type of reaction is water. Alternative Terms A double displacement reaction is also known as salt metathesis reaction, double replacement reaction, exchange, or sometimes a double decomposition reaction, although that term is used when one or more of the reactants does not dissolve in the solvent. Double Displacement Reaction Examples The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride  is a double displacement reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodiums chloride ion, causing the sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.AgNO3 NaCl → AgCl NaNO3 Heres another example: BaCl2(aq) Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) 2 NaCl(aq) How To Recognize a Double Displacement Reaction The easiest way to identify a double displacement reaction is to check to see whether or not the cations exchanged anions with each other. Another clue, if the states of matter are cited, is to look for aqueous reactants and the formation of one solid product (since the reaction typically generates a precipitate). Types of Double Displacement Reactions Double displacement reactions may be classified into several categories, including counter-ion exchange, alkylation, neutralization, acid-carbonate reactions, aqueous metathesis with precipitation (precipitation reactions), and aqueous metathesis with double decomposition (double decomposition reactions). The two types most commonly encountered in chemistry classes are precipitation reactions and neutralization reactions. A precipitation reaction occurs between two aqueous ionic compounds to form a new insoluble ionic compound. Heres an example reaction, between lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide to form (soluble) potassium nitrate and (insoluble) lead iodide. Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 KI(aq) → 2 KNO3(aq) PbI2(s) The lead iodide forms what is called the precipitate, while the solvent (water) and soluble reactants and products are termed the supernate or supernatant. Formation of a precipitate drives the reaction in a forward direction, as the product leaves the solution. Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions between acids and bases. When the solvent is water, a neutralization reaction typically produces an ionic compounda salt. This type of reaction proceeds in the forward direction if at least one of the reactants is a strong acid or a strong base. The reaction between vinegar and baking soda in the classic baking soda volcano is an example of a neutralization reaction. This particular reaction then proceeds to release a gas (carbon dioxide), which is responsible for the fizz of the reaction. The initial neutralization reaction is: NaHCO3 CH3COOH(aq) → H2CO3 NaCH3COO Youll notice the cations exchanged anions, but the way the compounds are written, its a bit trickier to notice the anion swap. The key to identifying the reaction as double displacement is to look at the atoms of the anions and compare them on both sides of the reaction.

Assignment - discussion Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

- discussion - Assignment Example nited States, Britain, and the Soviet Union found it hard to come to an agreement during meetings that summarized the ideologies of the post-war treaties (Snyder 121). In addition, these disagreements made it impossible for the leaders of these three nations to agree on the details of the Conference of Ministers. The three nations set up this meeting to settle on the post-second world war terms. Another reason for the Cold War was bitterness over history. The Soviet Union could easily overlook Britain and the United States’ intentions of putting an end to the Russian revolution in 1918. On the other hand, the United States and Britain could not overlook the fact that Stalin agreed to the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact with the Nazis (Howard 83). This bitterness was part of the fundamental ideological gap amongst the three nations. In addition, the three nations supplied arms to the propaganda conflict that both sides declared against each other. The United States and Britain made up one side while the Soviet Union formed opposing one. The Soviet Union was a communist community governed by a tyrant who placed the needs of the nation before human rights. On the other hand, the United States was a capitalist nation that valued freedom, respected human rights, and was afraid of communism (Snyder 121). Capitalism and communism conflicted and were combative and imperialist respectively. The United States and the Soviet Union argued that the other idea was a threat to their nations and livelihoods. As a result the single way the world would be happy is either capitalism or communism prevailed worldwide (McDonough 71). The combination of these two philosophies and ways of life imposed fear and hostility amongst the residents of both nations. Tension arose in occupied Germany through a series of events. Against the Nazi background of primary differences in doctrines, goals, and historical bitterness, occupiers of Germany interfered with the alliance. As a result, the alliance

Otiz v. St. Peter's Case Study Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Otiz v. St. Peter's Case Study - Term Paper Example This will be helpful in warding off turf wars between services providers such as radiologists and cardiologists who may antagonize each other over the specialty that should be reading 64-slice CT angiograms and analyses. The corollary to this is that the partners must be sober when negotiating the contract. This vigilance will help maintain specificity in the scope of services more accurately. The scope should be accurate and broad enough to capture both ongoing and future services that are to be rendered. In this effect, it becomes obvious that Oltz was slighted since he had been delivering all his services. In this above wavelength, it is also important that the parties ensure that necessary resources needed to render the services are available. This will ward off the need to hire the services of a subspecialist, only a short while into the contract. It is also important that at this juncture, the vending company should negotiate with the healthcare institution on the right of first refusal. This will help protect the vendor’s exclusivity in its field of services delivery and specialty. It is most likely that Oltz was enjoying the right of first refusal and had ably been discharging his duties to the hospital until the physician anesthesiologists unfairly elbowed him out of operation. According to Devers (2003), the parties must also seriously moot termination issues. Termination issues are spelt in bond financing 501 (c) (3) and modify the terms, length and limits of an exclusive contract. Though the longest term of an exclusive contract is three years, the partners must ascertain whether the contract can be automatically renewed or not. In the event that this contract is nonrenewable, the partners will have to renegotiate on the contract’s expiry. St. Peter’s Community Hospital is culpable in this case since it neither considered the terms of the contract it had entered with Oltz, nor did it follow the contract termination process. Another important

The Personal Narratives Written By Beller And Thurber Essay Example for Free

The Personal Narratives Written By Beller And Thurber Essay Though the personal narratives written by Beller and Thurber were fairly short, they still revealed a lot about themselves, which essentially affected the experience of the reader. Through Thurber’s words, the reader gets a sense of who he was during his â€Å"University Days† by his many stories of the classes he claims he didn’t like. Beller on the other hand, reveals himself by his sense of style and description of the different unimportant articles of clothing. Both Beller and Thurber however use anecdotes to draw the reader in so there is a possibility of a connection,  thus altering the reader’s experience from what it would be like for them to just explain their point very dully. Right from the beginning of University Days, Thurber shares an amusing experience that grabs the readers attention immediately. Rather than just telling the reader his dislike for each class, he begins by saying â€Å"I passed all the other courses that I took at my university, but I could never pass botany. This was because all botany students had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory looking through a microscope at plant cells, and I could  never see through a microscope†(Thurber 26). From this, Thurber reveals his point of having some troubles with certain classes, but in a way where the reader finds it humorous and in a way where some readers might be able to relate. If Thurber were to just say he didn’t pass botany and economics and just left it at that, the reader wouldn’t be as engaged, nor would the reader actually understand what he had to go through.

The Other Boleyn Girl Essay -- Movie Compare Contrast

The Other Boleyn Girl The two adaptations after the controversial novel â€Å"The Other Boleyn Girl† by Philippa Gregory present a historical fictional story of the Boleyn sisters, Anne and Mary. This is a ravishing, emotionally intense story of love, loyalty and betrayal in the chase for power and social position, portraying the human desires and flaws in a beautifully described historical background at the English court. The private life of the historical figures from the XVIth century and the intrigues hidden behind the official documents is quite an ambiguous, curiously challenging segment of time, from the historical point of view. The book, and the two film adaptations after – â€Å"The Other Boleyn Girl† explore the uncertain times in the life of Henry the VIIIth, before deciding to divorce Katherine of Aragorn, remarry Anne Boleyn and start the Church of England. The first adaptation is a television film, released by BBC in 2003, directed by Philippa Lowthorpe. It is remarkable for its innovative style, close to experimental, very unusual for the historical fictional drama genre. The film was shot with a digital camera, but what is most striking is the modern use of camerawork – handhelds, the shaky movements at the beginning, the two sisters confessions looking straight into the camera, like in an interview – give a documentary style to the appearance of the movie. While most films of the same genre are trying to recreate the atmosphere of the time, by using the classical parameters, this film is trying to achieve exactly the opposite. This cinà ©ma và ©rità © style has the subtle purpose of bringing the viewer closer to the story and effectively involved throughout the narrative. In the same time the film focuses on the developmen... ...he purpose anyway. However, the BBC version gives a more realistic sense of the characters and relationships between them, mainly because is not aiming to overwhelm the viewer with the context, as the Hollywood version does, and the documentary-style and the actors give more credibility in recreating the historical figures. The Hollywood adaptation from 2008 offers a more complex view over the life in the political and historical context presented. â€Å"ridiculous, but imagined with humour and gusto: a very diverting gallop trough the heritage landscape† (Peter Bradshaw – â€Å"The Guardian†) Bibliography: www.imdb.com www.rottentomatoes.com www.telegraph.co.uk www.timeout.com www.entertainment.timesonline.co.uk www.guardian.co.uk www.movies.nytimes.com www.englishhistory.net www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/ www.bbc.co.uk/ www.reelviews.net/

Arctic Mining Consultants Essay

Synopsis of the Situation Arctic Mining Consultants is a mining consulting company that does mining exploration. This particular case looks into how Arctic Mining Consultants’ crew did not effectively do their job in Eagle Lake, Alaska. Tom Parker is a geological field technician and field coordinator for the company. He acted as the project manager on the job near Eagle Lake, Alaska. His crew of field assistants consisted of John Talbot, Greg Boyce, and Brian Millar. Tom had worked with all three field assistants before. Tom has specialized skills in claim staking, line cutting and grid installation, soil sampling, prospecting, and trenching. This particular job involved skating 15 claims, which consist of marking a line with flagging tape and blazes along the perimeter of the claim. A claim post is cut every 500 yards, meaning 60 miles in line total. Tom hoped to complete the job in a week, and offered the field assistants each a $300 bonus if it was completed in time. This would be added to their fa irly low daily wages. As the job progressed, tension was thick because the deadline was approaching. The field assistants were working long days, and two of them were continually not meeting Tom’s expectations. Tom particularly took his frustrations out on Millar. Key Issues The field assistants are given little motivation to work hard. They are paid fairly low daily wages and are putting in long days. Tom Parker does not offer positive encouragement either, yelling and making the field assistants feel bad could make them care less about the job. The field assistants are provided meals and accommodations, but even Tom admitted that a lot was expected of them in a short amount of time. Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is the one who does the hiring, training and supervising for all of Arctic Mining Consultants programs. It could be possible he is not properly training field assistants to thoroughly meet his  expectations. Tom Parker, on more then one occasion, exploded with anger. He did not coach his team, he just yelled at them. If he was supervising there work on Day 3, he should have communicated with the field assistants and told them how to improve their work then. On Day 6, when the field assistants did show improvement, Parker did not give them any positive reinforcements. Also, even after Paker picked on only Millar for bad performance, he asked him to work for him again. The field assistants seem to have very different capabilities and attitudes. Boyce did not get picked on by Parker, but admitted to Millar that he only worked as hard as he had to. Boyce had the worst results of everyone. Talbot met his quota and stayed to help Boyce meet his. He was a team player. Millar put in more time and effort, by being the first one dropped off Day 6 and 7, last one picked up Day 6 and 7, and not taking lunch Day 5. He worked himself so hard, that he collapsed at dinner, to tired to eat. Define the Problem The key problem in this case is that Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is in charge of hiring, training, and supervising field assistants. Couldn’t the field assistants’ work be reflected on Tom because he did not properly train them? Also, Tom selected the field assistants for this job. He should have known what they were capable of before selecting them. He had worked with al of them before, so he should have had reasonable expectations for each of them. Tom also made a hostile working environment with much stress and little positivity. Alternative Solutions Solution 1: Tom needs to be retained as a project manager. Being a project manager means being a leader. Tom is not a good leader. An effective leader is one who leads by encouraging the employees and making them want to succeed, thereby making the organization meet and exceed its goals over time. (Thakur, 2005). Tom did not handle conflict well; he took his frustrations out on one particular field assistant. Relational leadership is one form of effective leadership. Relational leadership centers around person-to-person relationships. One of the significant components of all relationships is how conflict is handled. (Ferch & Mitchell, 2011). The  advantage of retaining Tom to gain leadership skills would be that Tom potentially could more effectively train field assistants and make a better team dynamic. The disadvantage is that Arctic Mining Consultants would have to spend time and money to re train the trainer, Tom. It would be beneficial for him to develop new leadership skills, but it might be difficult not having a project manager. Solution 2: Tom and Arctic Mining Consultants should offer more incentives to his field assistants. It doesn’t even have to be monetary. Offering positive reinforcement for work well done would be beneficial to Tom and his team. â€Å"While money is important to employees, what tends to motivate them to perform – and to perform at higher levels – is the thoughtful, personal kind of recognition that signifies true appreciation for a job well done. (Eastern, 2012). The advantage of this solution would be that employees would feel better about the work they are doing, and feel good hen they excel. Field assistants would be working in a positive environment. The disadvantage would be employees would start to expect positive reinforcements and bonuses, feeling they are entitled to it. Solution 2: Hire new field assistants. Tom could more carefully select his field assistants for a job. He should do more research on candidates’ capabilities and experience if he has high expectations. The advantage of having a different team of field assistants would be that he could filter out those who do not meet expectations before hand. The negative side of hiring new field assistants is the time it would take to evaluate new candidates as field assistants. Selected Solution I believe the first solution would bee best to solve this case. Tom needs to reevaluate his leadership tactics. He does not communicate effectively with his crew. He needs to think of the crew working together like a team, and he is coach. Tom is not being effective by focusing on the negatives; he needs to analyze what is being done wrong, and coach field assistants to correct their problem. Implementation/Recommendations First, Arctic Mining Consultant should have Tom trains another potential project manager that already works for the company. The candidate should undergo some type of leadership training. Then Tom will engage in a leadership-training program. The candidate will be the project manager while Tom is absent. Then, the two project managers, Tom and candidate, will work as a team to direct field assistants. Tom needs a new outlook on his management style. Implementing this plan will help achieve that. This will also help make more effective work teams. References Thakur, D. (2005, January). Short-term leaders. Quality, 44(1), 24. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA127543673&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w Ferch, S. R., & Mitchell, M. M. (2001). Intentional Forgiveness in Relational Leadership: A Technique for Enhancing Effective Leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(4), 70. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA76626374&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w Eastern, J. S. (2012, January 1). Employee rewards. Internal Medicine News, 45(1), 78. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA280102141&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w

Color Change Chemical Volcano Demonstration

There are several chemical volcanoes that are suitable for use as a chemistry lab demonstration. This particular volcano is nice because the chemicals are readily available and may be safely disposed after the eruption. The volcano involves a color change of the lava from purple to orange and back to purple. The chemical volcano can be used to illustrate an acid-base reaction and the use of an acid-base indicator. Color Change Volcano Materials goggles, gloves, and a lab coat or apron600 ml beakertub large enough to accomodate the beaker200 ml water50 ml concentrated HCl (hydrochloric acid)100 g sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)bromocresol purple indicator (0.5 g bromocresol purple in 50 ml ethanol) Make the Chemical Volcano Erupt In the beaker, dissolve ~10 grams of sodium bicarbonate in 200 ml of water.Set the beaker in the middle of of the tub, preferably inside a fume hood, since strong acid is used for this demonstration.Add around 20 drops of indicator solution. Bromocresol purple indicator will be orange in the ethanol, but will turn purple when added to the basic sodium bicarbonate solution.Add 50 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid to the purple solution. This will cause the eruption in which the simulated lava turns orange and overflows the beaker.Sprinkle some sodium bicarbonate on the now-acidic solution. The color of the lava will return to purple as the solution becomes more basic.Enough sodium bicarbonate will neutralize the hydrochloric acid, but it is best to handle only the tub and not the beaker. When you are finished with the demonstration, wash the solution down the drain with plenty of water. How the Volcano Works changes color the sodium bicarbonate HCO3- H ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H2O CO2